Quartersawing gets its name from the fact that the log is first quartered lengthwise, resulting in wedges with a right angle ending at approximately the centre of the original log. What are the advantages and disadvantages of quarter. Nov 01, 2011 there are a variety of ways that lumber can be cut out of a log. The quarter sawn wood is usually very straight and rigid and the flat sawn is much more pliable. Advantages and disadvantages plain sawn and quarter sawn timber. List two possible advantages of a biobased adhesive over a synthetic polymer adhesive. Quarter sawing or quartersawing is a woodworking process that produces quarter sawn or. Quarter sawed lumber presents a rather boring, straight line of grain to the eye except for those woods where you want the medullary rays to show. Flat sawing is the most common, least expensive lumber.
Furniture makers depend on this cut of wood for the vertical grain that is shown from all sides. Quarter sawn wood has the straight grain and is much more expensive due to the greater amount of waste that is generated in the milling process. There is widespread confusion between the terms rift sawn and quarter sawn with the terms defined both with opposite meanings and as synonyms. Other wood species that are sought after in quarter sawn are walnut, maple and cherry. Not only is it less prone to cupping, it also expands and contracts less. Computers and log scanners are used on large mills to optimize sawing for grade. Live sawing produces a high percentage of quarter sawed boards, and boards with heartwood centers and sapwood edges. It does have some advantages over plainsawn and quartersawn lumber. Quarter sawing this method leaves the annual rings of the converted timber. Quarter sawing produces boards cut on the radius rather than on the tangent plane sawn. Quarter sawn timber also called quarter cutting, with quarter sawn timber the growth rings are parallel to the short face. When applied to wood, not having distinct medullar rays this method produces very fine wood rift or radial sawing. Rift sawn a cut in between plain sawn and quarter sawn.
Mar 16, 2020 there are a variety of ways that lumber can be cut out of a log. The result is a particular orientation of the growth rings on the end grain of the board and is what defines the type of lumber. Mar 27, 2014 hi i need help can someone help me out please i need to work out what advantages and disadvantages plain sawn and quarter sawn timber. Each quarter is then sawn with the growth rings at 30 to 60 degree angles to the board surface. Advantages an attractive grain pattern is produced boards are more stable and shrink less boards wear more evenly,important for flooring disadvantage expensive, as the log has to be first quartered then turned for every cut. A board is cut, then turned 90 degrees before being cut again. To get you started, here is an introductory course in sawing your logs to timber. The loops and growth swirls found in the grain patters of plain sawn wood gives you that famous cathedral look. The differences between livesawn, quartersawn, plainsawn. The linear grain pattern is achieved by milling perpendicular to the logs growth rings on angles between 45 and 75 deg.
This results in mostly plane sawn lumber that services the high volume wood industry. Quarter sawing or quartersawing is a woodworking process that produces quarter sawn or quartercut boards in the rip cutting of logs into lumber. Advantages of plainsawn and quartersawn lumber lab notes. What is the difference between quarter sawn, rift sawn and. This also reduces cost because the tool holder can be made of a lessexpensive and tougher. In this area, the saving in avoidance of seasoning losses is frequently more than sufficient to offset the disadvantages of slightly lower recovery, and slower production obtained when quarter sawing as compared to back sawing. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. As you have already seen on your own by now, this technique is a little more tedious than just sawing away. For accurate live sawing, the carriage should have tong dogs or some other type of dogs that hold the log securely against the carriage knees. As such, radial sawing has a range of both environmental and technical benefits.
Each method has its own advantages and disadvantages. These include plainsawing, riftsawing and quartersawing. Advantages of taper sawing sawing parallel to the bark produces higherquality boards. Advantages and disadvantages are listed for oxyfuel cutting, plasma cutting, laser cutting and abrasive water jet cutting. Each quarter is then cut separately by tipping it up on its point and sawing boards successively along the axis. Radial sawing was specifically designed to maximise the recovery of sawn timber from smaller logs. Quarter sawn wood has two distinct advantages over plane sawn wood. Disadvantages of quartersawn lumber heavy ray fleck is a valuable characteristic to woodworkers. What is the difference between plain sawn, quarter sawn, rift sawn. Radialquarter sawing advantages an attractive grain pattern is produced. This method of quarter sawing does leave some waste, but much less than rift sawn lumber. European live sawn lumber weve previously discussed the three types of ways that boards are taken out of a log. What is the difference between quarter sawn, rift sawn and plain.
There are several reasons to consider quarter sawing your timber because the grain patterns in some. As you can see from your diagram it is tough to saw like that and there is substantial waste. In some hardwood species such as oak, quarter sawing also provides a highly soughtafter grain pattern on the face of the board that cannot be produced from plain sawing the tree. Advantages of radial sawing environmental and technical. There are 3 basic ways that lumber is cut, quartersawn, plainsawn, and riftsawn. The advantage of tipped tools is only a small insert of the cutting material is needed to provide the cutting ability. Quarter sawing gets its name from the fact that the log is first quartered lengthwise, resulting in wedges with a right angle ending at approximately the centre of the original log. The resulting lumber can also be called radiallysawn or simply quartered. Flat s a w i n g sometimes called plain sawing is the simplest method for milling a log into planks and involves making a series of parallel cuts through the. Quarter sawing see digram below produces boards cut on the radius rather than on the tangent plane sawn. Due to its strength and stability, the quarter sawn is a great wood for use with heavier string gauges, unfinished necks, necks with a stronger dual acting truss rod, and longer necks like bass necks etc. Due to these advantages, woodworkers, cabinet makers, quality furniture shops, and craftsmen typically prefer quarter sawn timber to work. For structural wood you also get less sloped grain and, therefore, higher strength. The wikipedia entry says riftsawn means perfect quarter sawing.
As the wood dries and ages, the tension of the tangential grain can make plain sawn planks cup, twist and sometimes bow. Like other cutting tools, this tool is not restricted to cutting a specific type of material. Below, weve put together a description of livesawn, plainsawn, quartersawn, and riftandquartered flooring, along with the factors you must consider with each. Advantages and disadvantages of fedora advantages and disadvantages of manual typewriter. My schools on a quarter system, including mandatory classes during the summer some years. There are some disadvantages as plain sawn wood does have some structural drawbacks. There are two main methods of converting timber through and through or plain or crown sawn which produces tangential boards and. When i want quarter sawn wood, i want 90 degree grain. Each cutting pattern produces timber with a distinct appearance and character.
Despite the attractive look on the surface, there are certain drawbacks to plain sawn lumber. For example, quarter sawn oak is more valuable than plain sawn oak. This method of sawing produces a plank where the trees growth rings are near, or totally perpendicular to the planks surface. Some disadvantages of plainsawn lumber are that it can twist, cup. Riftsawn wood has the most consistent grain and is least likely to cup or curl with changes in moisture. When lumber is cut from logs, it is typically cut in one of three ways. Quarter sawing means cutting at a 90degree angle from the growth rings on a log to produce a vertical and uniform pattern grain. Due to these advantages, woodworkers, cabinet makers, quality furniture shops, and craftsmen typically prefer quarter sawn lumber to work. Back sawing, sawing around and quarter sawing are terms given other methods of conversion, some of which require the log frequently to be repositioned, but can be used to maximise the production of particular cuts of timber. Tree conversion slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Quarter sawn wood is also more dimensionally sound meaning it will not cup or dish while drying and will shrink less than plain sawn timber. I can see some disadvantages to full taper with turning. This timber shrinks more in the width than the length and not as much as plain cut.
There are several models of band saw available in the industry that can be used for cutting different materials such as timber, wood and many more. Sawing methods american hardwood information center. It does have some advantages over plainsawn and quartersawn. Each type of lumber is dependent on how the log is. Complete the sketch below to show how the logs are cut speci. Diamond wire sawing, characterised by the use of a metal wire covered with diamond beads, which is then wrapped around a structure, fed through pulleys and pulled through the structure, is for many industries. Also called quarter cutting, with quarter sawn timber the growth rings are parallel to the. Livesawing produces a high percentage of quartersawed boards, and boards with heartwood centers and sapwood edges. Jun 12, 20 how logs are turned into boards, part 2. What is the difference between plain sawn, quarter sawn. Quartersawn wood is created by cutting a log lengthwise into quarters, then creating a series of parallel cuts, with the middle cut being perpendicular to the trees rings. Apr 26, 2017 quarter sawn stock is particularly useful when building fine furniture projects. Resistant materials technology advanced subsidiary. Hi i need help can someone help me out please i need to work out what advantages and disadvantages plain sawn and quarter sawn timber.
Dec 27, 2017 for example, quarter sawn oak is more valuable than plain sawn oak. Ive only had one or two classes with 2 midterms and the first one does sneak up on you really quickly. Radialquarter sawing disadvantages expensive, as the log has to be first quartered then turned for every cut because the log is quartered then cut again, narrower boards are produced. To mill quarter sawn wood, each log is sawed at a radial angle into four quarters. Advantages and disadvantages plain sawn and quarter sawn. Methods of sawing timber types of timber and classification. The differences between livesawn, quartersawn, plain. Knowing that quartersawn wood can out price plainsawn by a factor of two or more, here are the compelling reasons to buy it. Subscribe to our newsletter to receive the latest news and events from twi. Among many advantages of the circular saw is its simple efficiency.
Most lumber cut for commercial purposes are standard plainsawn boards. Rift sawn in this method, the log is again cut into quarters. Flat sawing generally presents a more pleasing grain configuration to the eye and the knots are round. If you saw parallel to the bark, you get the most of the highest grade portion of a log, namely the outer layers the jacket of the log. Quartersawn lumber comes at a premium due to the labor it takes to mill each plank. Each quarter is 10 weeks, finals are the 11th week, midterms are usually week 5 or 6.
Edexcel gce design and technology pearson qualifications. Quartersawn provides a quieter and straighter face grain than plainsawn. Timber cut this way usually has better aesthetic looks, sometimes showing the rays. Jul 28, 2017 one of the most soughtafter techniques in the construction industry these days is diamond wire sawing. Quarter sawn wood has an amazing straight grain pattern that lends itself to design.
Advantages and disadvantages of these sawing techniques. Quarter sawing quarter sawing is important for eucalypt species where losses during seasoning are high. Discuss the changes in moisture content and the effects of these changes on a piece of dimension lumber from the time the tree is cut, through its processing, and until it has been in service in a. The long face of every board is close to a radial face. Quarter sawn timber is more resistant to warping, cupping, twisting etc. The small size makes manufacturing of the insert easier than making a solid tool of the same material. Now well look at quartersawn and briefly touch on riftsawn, and try to clear up the confusion between the two. Quartersawing produces the maximum yield of lumber from a log.
When i live saw, boards are taken until you get close to the clamps, then you flip it over. Quarter sawn wood is also more dimensionally sound meaning it will not cup or dish while drying and will shrink less than plain sawnlumber. What are the advantages and disadvantages of quarter sawing. There is also a little waste when you correct the taper on the cant to finish up, but that waste is part of the lesser quality wood. Each type of lumber is dependent on how the log is oriented and cut at the sawmill. To be able to compare the advantages and disadvantages of the various methods. Not as difficult as quarter sawing, but still it involves some attention to detail. Sawing for grade takes years of training and experience to master. The result is a particular orientation of the growth rings on the end grain of. Timber conversion is the conversion of freshly felled trees into boardsat the sawmills log must be at 90 degrees for each cut. The quarter sawing method can also produce rift sawn lumber which is considered to have growth rings that are 45 to 80 degrees to the face of the board. When picking out lumber for your next project, it is helpful to know what the difference types are and what the advantages and disadvantages are of each. Learning objectives wood conversion is the cutting of logs into planks of. In some woods, especially the oaks, quarter sawing reveals dramatic internal rays that add a very cool dimension to the material.
It also has unique benefits over quarter and plain sawn lumber. Quarter sawing in this conversion method the log is cut into quarters. It is the most stable and has a vertical grain that is shown from all sides. Quarter sawn boards have greater stability of form and size with less cupping, shrinkage across the width, shake and splitting, and othe. It is slower to produce at the sawmill but does result in a higher quality product. Tangential sawing advantages produce board with flame figure. Now well look at quartersawn and briefly touch on riftsawn, and try to. As soon as possible after felling the tree should be converted into usable timber. Often used for cabinetry, flooring, highend custom crafts and furniture, it is the traditional wood used in making mission style furniture. Jan 14, 2014 quarter sawing radialquarter sawing 8. Principal cutting process advantages and disadvantages twi. There are many different sawing methods and techniques to turn logs into timber including live sawing, cant sawing, plain sawing, grade sawing, and quarter sawing.
There are 3 basic ways that lumber is cut, quarter sawn, plainsawn, and riftsawn. Dec 27, 2017 there are many different sawing methods and techniques to turn logs into timber including live sawing, cant sawing, plain sawing, grade sawing, and quarter sawing. What is the difference between plain sawn, quarter sawn, rift. Milling rift sawn lumber takes more time and labor. Posted what are the advantages of quartersawn lumber. Plainsawn lumber is also often called flatsawn lumber. Due to these advantages, woodworkers, cabinet makers, quality furniture shops, and craftsmen. This sawing method, which yields fewer and narrower boards per log, is a slower and thus more expensive process, boosting the cost of quarter sawn lumber significantly. These range from helping to make indigenous hardwood plantations more viable to maximising the yield of high value timber products from a log. Wood suitable for building or other engineering works is called timber when it forms a part of a living tree, it is called standing timber when the tree has been felled, it is called rough timber when it has been sawn to various market forms such as beams, battens, planks etc, it is called converted timber.